home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- USC / ISI Danny Cohen
- 3 January 1981 Jon Postel
- W-note-23 Steve Casner
- IEN-165
-
-
- About addressing in the WBnet
- -----------------------------
-
- This note is written in response to W-note-16 (aka IEN-162, by John
- Pershing) about a proposed addressing scheme for the WBnet.
-
- We found the above note to be very well written, and it points out a
- very difficult problem in internetwork addressing; however, we beg to
- differ with some of the underlying assumptions, and therefore have
- arrived at another proposal.
-
- In this note we will first review the W-16 proposal, then present ours
- and compare the two approaches.
-
-
- The W-16 approach
- -----------------
-
- Assumptions and objectives:
-
- - Whichever addressing scheme is used had better be compatible
- with IP.
-
- - There is a rich structure interconnecting hosts at all the
- sites which are connected to the WBnet. This richness is
- beyond what the processing nodes of the WBnet can be expected
- to process directly - hence a hierarchical structure is
- proposed.
-
- - The richness of all the host interconnections at all sites
- combined is similar to that of the catenet - hence a similar
- solution should work.
-
- - "To hide the physical structure of the Wideband Net from the
- Internet and its gateways" - quoted from W-16.
-
- - "To unify the transport and routing functions performed within
- the Wideband Net" - quoted from W-16.
- 2
-
- This yields the following addressing scheme:
-
- Consider ALL the hosts on the ALL the local-nets which are connected to
- ALL the WBnet gateways as being WBnet hosts, and assign them WBnet
- addresses which reflect their connectivity to the WBnet as shown below:
-
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | 28. | Subnet Number | Reserved for Subnet Use |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- 8-bits 8-bits 16-bits
-
-
- For example, if there are 4 Lexnets and one Voice Funnel, at some site,
- then each of these 5 "things" is assigned its own subnet-ID.
-
- We hope that the above is an accurate reflection of the proposal as put
- forth in W-16.
-
-
- The ISI approach
- ----------------
-
- We, too, believe that there may be a rich structure of host
- interconnections at each site. However, for the time being we expect
- the number of hosts at each site to be small enough that 8 bits would
- suffice for intra-site addressing.
-
- We also believe that all of our hosts are constituents of the catenet,
- not of any particular network, including the WBnet. By this we mean
- that any host should be addressable via any of the catenet networks to
- which it has a connection.
-
- We would like to reserve 8 bits of the WBnet/IP address for local
- addressing so that each host can be assigned a single local address.
- This local address would remain constant independent of which gateway or
- directly-connected host (if any) was being used as an intermediary.
-
- Therefore, we propose that only 16-bit WBnet addresses be assigned to
- hosts which are connected to PSATs, directly or through some transparent
- "port-expanding" mechanism such as a Voice Funnel. These hosts are
- either bona fide hosts or full fledged IP (and/or ST) gateways.
-
- At ISI, for example, we will have probably one or two such hosts,
- through which all the other hosts gain access to the WBnet.
-
- We prefer to see IP (and/or ST) gateways, not WBnet gateways, playing
- the various intra-site communication roles (like routing) regardless of
- which transport mechanism was used to get to the site, either Satellite
- or terrestrial lines.
- 3
-
- Therefore we prefer the following addressing scheme:
-
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Any Network | Addressing in that net | Local address |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- 8-bits 16-bits 8-bits
-
- This allows traffic for any host at a site to arrive through any
- existing gateway.
-
- The details associated with the routing of intra-site traffic do not
- have to be propagated outside that site.
-
-
- Comparison of the two approaches
- --------------------------------
-
- We acknowledge that our approach has the severe limitation that it can
- currently support only up to (about) 256 hosts per site. Please note,
- this is a restriction on the number of hosts but not necessarily on the
- number of voice terminals, since NVP provides another level of
- addressing called "extensions".
-
- We propose that when this limit is reached an extended addressing scheme
- (along the lines of source routing) be used.
-
- The W-16 proposal requires that WBnet-gateways be installed between all
- the local networks in every site. It requires that any change in
- connectivity of the local networks be propagated to all the WBnet
- gateways, in all the other sites, and be stored in all of them. This, in
- our opinion, does not really comply with spirit of hiding local details
- from the global world, as stated as one of the objectives of the scheme.
-
- We believe that our proposal meets the objectives stated at the
- beginning of this note, at least as much as the W-16 proposal.
- Especially it meets the requirement that the details of intra-site
- communication are no one else's business. We think that as far as the
- outside world is concerned there is no difference between using hosts
- for port-expanding and using local networks, or any hybrid of these
- approaches.
-
- The W-16 scheme must know all about the intra-site communication
- structure. This scheme also requires the development (and
- implementation) of a Gateway/Gateway protocol, just as was done for the
- catenet.
-
- It is not clear to us at all why all of our hosts should pledge their
- allegiance to W-16 addressing scheme and to the WBC for which it stands,
- one network, indivisible (enough!!).
-
- We would like to treat the WBnet just as another transport mechanism,
- which should be used only when it is found to be the best alternative
- for some communication requirements. For our communication system the
- WBnet should be just another means of inter-site communication, not a
- religion to which all of our internal gateways and bridges have to
- subscribe.
- 4
-
-
- Conclusion
- ----------
-
- We recommend that only 16-bit addresses be used within the WBnet in
- order to specify its hosts; and that these hosts be either bona fide
- hosts or gateways into other networks, including intra-site
- communication systems.
-
- As long as intra-site addressing can be handled by an 8-bit field there
- is an efficient and convenient way to incorporate this field within the
- IP-address field in addition to the 16-bit WBnet addresses.
-
-
-
- Referee's comment
- -----------------
-
- Under the assumption that 8-bit addressing is enough for all intra-site
- addressing, and under the assumption that all the local networks at any
- site share this address space and already are capable of communicating
- among themselves (and do not need help from the WBnet in order to
- achieve it) - the two approaches, W-16 and ISI's, are IDENTICAL.
-
- The folks at BBN may treat each site as a single subnet and assign it a
- single subnet-ID. On the other hand, the folks at ISI may assign unique
- local addresses to each of their hosts.
-
- Hence, the 32-bit IP-address of the host on the WBnet will be composed
- of the following 4 bytes (in Big-Endian's order, obviously):
-
- Byte#0 = 28., the net-ID of the WBnet, assigned by Postel.
- Byte#1 = WBnet address: Site- or Subnet-ID, assigned by BBN.
- Byte#2 = Reserved for future extensions
- Byte#3 = Local address, assigned by each site.
-
- We would also like to recommend that BBN assign the subnet-ID's in
- bit-reversed order in order to maintain maximal flexibility for future
- expansions which may occur at either end of the addressing scheme.
-